منابع مشابه
Multistage models for carcinogenesis.
The multistage model is tested on several human and animal data sets. It fits in some cases but not in others. With human lung cancer data, there is a drop in risk for ex-smokers quite different from the predictions of the model. The results are not conclusive but are compatible with the view that the multistage model provides a family of curves that often fit cancer incidence data, but may not...
متن کاملMultistage models of carcinogenesis.
The simple multistage model of carcinogenesis is outlined. It provides a satisfactory explanation of the power law for the age incidence of many forms of epithelial carcinoma, for the effects in human populations of changing exposures to supposed carcinogenic agents, and for many of the observed effects of applied carcinogens in animal experiments. In particular, the evidence on the effects of ...
متن کاملMultistage carcinogenesis in Barrett's esophagus.
The multistage carcinogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma is a process of clonal evolution within Barrett's esophagus neoplasms. The initiating event for Barrett's esophagus is unknown, but is associated with chronic gastric reflux which probably also promotes progression. Inactivation of both alleles of CDKN2A appear to be early events causing clonal expansion. Clones with TP53 inactivated ex...
متن کاملThe multistage process of carcinogenesis
The multi-stage process of carcinogenesis includes initiation, promotion and progression. Initiation usually begins with consecutive damage of several strategic genes such as proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. In replicating cells DNA damage can be fixed as mutations activating proto-oncogenes and inactivating tumor suppressor genes. Promotion expands initiated cells leading to formati...
متن کاملThe population genetics of multistage carcinogenesis.
Despite the many successes of cancer research, we lack the framework necessary to predict the ratio of familial (inherited) to sporadic (non-inherited) cancers. An evolutionary model of multistage carcinogenesis provides this framework by demonstrating that the number of tumour suppressor loci (TSLs) preventing cancer in a given tissue is expected to depend upon the tissue's vulnerability to pr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: British Journal of Cancer
سال: 2004
ISSN: 0007-0920,1532-1827
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602318